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The Latin-derived scientific names are capitalized except for the specific and subspecific names. The generic, specific, and subspecific names are underlined or italicized. The names of the following are capitalized: kingdom, phylum, subphylum, class, subclass, superorder, order, suborder, superfamily, family, subfamily, tribe, genus, subgenus. The names of the following are not capitalized: superspecies, species, subspecies.
Colons introduce quotations that are formal or lengthy. Correct: Dickens wrote: “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.” (Formal quotation) Colons introduce quotations that do not begin with a “he said/she said” clause. Correct: Alexandra took the microphone: “Your honor, I object.” (Clause preceding quotation does not have a verb
Commas are normally used to set off nonrestrictive modifiers. However, nonrestrictive modifiers can be set off by dashes for emphasis or if the modifiers contain commas or other punctuation that could confuse the reader. Incorrect: Some expensive films, Heaven’s Gate, for example, have been big flops. (Relationships not clear) Correct: Some expensive films–Heaven’s Gate, for
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